Package 'SCANVIS'

Title: SCANVIS - a tool for SCoring, ANnotating and VISualizing splice junctions
Description: SCANVIS is a set of annotation-dependent tools for analyzing splice junctions and their read support as predetermined by an alignment tool of choice (for example, STAR aligner). SCANVIS assesses each junction's relative read support (RRS) by relating to the context of local split reads aligning to annotated transcripts. SCANVIS also annotates each splice junction by indicating whether the junction is supported by annotation or not, and if not, what type of junction it is (e.g. exon skipping, alternative 5' or 3' events, Novel Exons). Unannotated junctions are also futher annotated by indicating whether it induces a frame shift or not. SCANVIS includes a visualization function to generate static sashimi-style plots depicting relative read support and number of split reads using arc thickness and arc heights, making it easy for users to spot well-supported junctions. These plots also clearly delineate unannotated junctions from annotated ones using designated color schemes, and users can also highlight splice junctions of choice. Variants and/or a read profile are also incoroporated into the plot if the user supplies variants in bed format and/or the BAM file. One further feature of the visualization function is that users can submit multiple samples of a certain disease or cohort to generate a single plot - this occurs via a "merge" function wherein junction details over multiple samples are merged to generate a single sashimi plot, which is useful when contrasting cohorots (eg. disease vs control).
Authors: Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>
Maintainer: Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>
License: file LICENSE
Version: 1.19.0
Built: 2024-06-30 05:28:09 UTC
Source: https://github.com/bioc/SCANVIS

Help Index


SCANVIS - a tool for SCoring, ANnotating and VISualizing splice junctions

Description

SCANVIS is a set of annotation-dependent tools for analyzing splice junctions and their read support as predetermined by an alignment tool of choice (for example, STAR aligner). SCANVIS assesses each junction's relative read support (RRS) by relating to the context of local split reads aligning to annotated transcripts. SCANVIS also annotates each splice junction by indicating whether the junction is supported by annotation or not, and if not, what type of junction it is (e.g. exon skipping, alternative 5' or 3' events, Novel Exons). Unannotated junctions are also futher annotated by indicating whether it induces a frame shift or not. SCANVIS includes a visualization function to generate static sashimi-style plots depicting relative read support and number of split reads using arc thickness and arc heights, making it easy for users to spot well-supported junctions. These plots also clearly delineate unannotated junctions from annotated ones using designated color schemes, and users can also highlight splice junctions of choice. Variants and/or a read profile are also incoroporated into the plot if the user supplies variants in bed format and/or the BAM file. One further feature of the visualization function is that users can submit multiple samples of a certain disease or cohort to generate a single plot - this occurs via a "merge" function wherein junction details over multiple samples are merged to generate a single sashimi plot, which is useful when contrasting cohorots (eg. disease vs control).

Details

Package: SCANVIS
Type: Package
Title: SCANVIS - a tool for SCoring, ANnotating and VISualizing splice junctions
Version: 1.19.0
Date: 2019-07-11
Author: Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>
Maintainer: Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>
Depends: R (>= 3.6)
Description: SCANVIS is a set of annotation-dependent tools for analyzing splice junctions and their read support as predetermined by an alignment tool of choice (for example, STAR aligner). SCANVIS assesses each junction's relative read support (RRS) by relating to the context of local split reads aligning to annotated transcripts. SCANVIS also annotates each splice junction by indicating whether the junction is supported by annotation or not, and if not, what type of junction it is (e.g. exon skipping, alternative 5' or 3' events, Novel Exons). Unannotated junctions are also futher annotated by indicating whether it induces a frame shift or not. SCANVIS includes a visualization function to generate static sashimi-style plots depicting relative read support and number of split reads using arc thickness and arc heights, making it easy for users to spot well-supported junctions. These plots also clearly delineate unannotated junctions from annotated ones using designated color schemes, and users can also highlight splice junctions of choice. Variants and/or a read profile are also incoroporated into the plot if the user supplies variants in bed format and/or the BAM file. One further feature of the visualization function is that users can submit multiple samples of a certain disease or cohort to generate a single plot - this occurs via a "merge" function wherein junction details over multiple samples are merged to generate a single sashimi plot, which is useful when contrasting cohorots (eg. disease vs control).
Imports: IRanges,plotrix,RCurl,rtracklayer
License: file LICENSE
Suggests: knitr, rmarkdown
VignetteBuilder: knitr
biocViews: Software,ResearchField,Transcriptomics,WorkflowStep,Annotation,Visualization
Repository: https://bioc.r-universe.dev
RemoteUrl: https://github.com/bioc/SCANVIS
RemoteRef: HEAD
RemoteSha: f8a646fde7492c332dcdde2a3c820bea3c4f2380

Index of help topics:

GBM                     list of 3 TCGA glioblastoma samples, parts
                        thereof, outputs of SCANVISscan and
                        SCANVISlinkvar functions with toy variants
                        supplied for the variant-SJ mapping
IR2Mat                  IRanges to Matrix
LUAD                    list of 3 TCGA lung adenocarcinoma samples,
                        parts thereof, outputs of SCANVISscan
LUSC                    list of 3 TCGA lung squamous cell carcinoma
                        samples, parts thereof, both outputs of
                        SCANVISscan with the second sample being
                        variant-mapped via SCANVISlinkvar
SCANVIS-package         SCANVIS - a tool for SCoring, ANnotating and
                        VISualizing splice junctions
SCANVISannotation       assembles annotation from gtf file into
                        SCANVISreadable format
SCANVISexamples         Data for running SCANVISexamples
SCANVISlinkvar          maps variants to SCANVISscored junctions
SCANVISmerge            merges multiple SCANVISsamples
SCANVISread_STAR        upload SJ.tab STAR file in SCANVISuse
SCANVISscan             SCore and ANnotate splice junctions
SCANVISvisual           a sashimi-style visualization tool
gbm3                    part of a TCGA glioblastoma sample from STAR
                        alignment SJ.tab file
gbm3.vcf                a toy set of 6 variants that pair up with the
                        gbm3 data example
gen19                   parts of the annotation object created by the
                        SCANVISannotation function when used with the
                        url
                        ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/gencode/Gencode_human/release_19/
                        which references the gencode v19 GTF file for
                        human hg19
gene2roi                gene name/s to region of interest
ls_url                  list files available at annotation/gencode url

SCANVIS is a set of tools for SCoring and ANnotating splice junctions using gencode annotation. It also has a VISualization component that allows users to quickly view one or more samples in sashimi style plots, showing splice junctions (SJs) and, optionally, a read coverage profile as well as mutations in one figure. These sashimi style plots are novel in that unannotated splice junctions are highlighted in various colours to delineate various junction types, with line styles indicating whether unannotated junctions are in frame or not.

Author(s)

Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>

Maintainer: Phaedra Agius <[email protected]>


part of a TCGA glioblastoma sample from STAR alignment SJ.tab file

Description

matrix with chr,start,end,uniq.reads indicating genomic coordinates for each splice junction and corresonding number of supporting split reads

Usage

gbm3

Format

matrix


a toy set of 6 variants that pair up with the gbm3 data example

Description

matrix with chr,start,end,passedMUT indicating genomic coordinates for each toy variant that has supposedly passed some threshold

Usage

gbm3

Format

matrix


gene name/s to region of interest

Description

Converts gene name/s to genomic coordinates using gene annotation file from SCANVISannotation

Usage

gene2roi(g,gen)

Arguments

g

vector of one or more gene names or gene ids in the same chromosome

gen

gene annotation object as output by SCANIVS.annotation

Details

This function is called upon by SCANVISlinkvar and SCANVISvisual

Value

chr, start and end of the union of genomic intervals that overlap the genes in g

Examples

data(SCANVISexamples)
g=c('TDRD6','PLA2G7')
roi=gene2roi(g,gen19)

IRanges to Matrix

Description

converts IRanges interval object to matrix

Usage

IR2Mat(I)

Arguments

I

IRanges interval object

Details

This function is called upon by SCANVISscan

Value

a matrix with start and end coordinates for the intervals in I

Examples

library(IRanges)
I=IRanges(1:10,21:30)
m=IR2Mat(I)

list files available at annotation/gencode url

Description

Function called upon by SCANVISannotation for GTF file pulldown from url supplied

Usage

ls_url(url)

Arguments

url

url to GTF files

Details

calls upon functions in Rcurl and rtracklayer

Value

a list of files for download at url

Examples

ftpfiles=ls_url('ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/gencode/Gencode_human/release_19/')

list of 3 TCGA lung adenocarcinoma samples, parts thereof, outputs of SCANVISscan

Description

list of parts of 3 matrices output by SCANVISscan

Usage

LUAD

Format

list


assembles annotation from gtf file into SCANVISreadable format

Description

This function ftps to the supplied gtf url, downloads gtf to current directory and assembles annotation details into a SCANVISreadable object

Usage

SCANVISannotation(ftp.url)

Arguments

ftp.url

Value

a gencode object compatible (and required) for use with most SCANVISfunctions

Note

Web access required. If variants are available and intended for use with SCANVISlinkvar, the gencode reference genome must be the same as that used for the variant calls.

Examples

## Not run: gen19=SCANVISannotation('ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/gencode/Gencode_human/release_19/')

Data for running SCANVISexamples

Description

This data is a list of parts of SJ.tab files as output by the STAR alignment algorithm on a number of TCGA samples (GBM, LUSC and LUAD). It also includes part of the annotation file as derived by SCANVISannotation on hg19, gencode v19 that was used to generate the included examples.

Usage

SCANVISexamples

Format

Contains the following data pieces: GBM, LUAD, LUSC, gbm3, gbm3.vcf,gen19


maps variants to SCANVISscored junctions

Description

This function maps variants to SJs by overlapping the union of gene coordinates that harbor the SJs (optionally, with some gene interval expansion) with variant coordinates

Usage

SCANVISlinkvar(scn, bed, gen, p = 0)

Arguments

scn

matrix output by SCANVISscan

bed

matrix with variants in bed format with colnames chr, start, end and with and additional description column (eg. ssSNP for splice site mutations)

gen

gencode object as generated by the function SCANVISannotation

p

expands gene intervals up/downstream by p (default=0, no padding)

Value

Returns the input scn matrix with an additional column showing variants, if any, that occur in/near the listed genes. For instances where multiple variants map to a SJ, the variants are | separated (eg. chr7:145562;A>G|chr7:145592;C>G)

Note

The reference genome used to align RNA-seq reads that generated the initial set of SJs should be the same reference genome used for the variant calls.

See Also

SCANVISscan, SCANVISannotation, SCANVISvisual

Examples

data(SCANVISexamples)
gbm3.scn<-SCANVISscan(sj=gbm3,gen=gen19,Rcut=5)
### Variant format required (these are toy variants)
head(gbm3.vcf) 
gbm3.scnv<-SCANVISlinkvar(gbm3.scn,gbm3.vcf,gen19)
table(gbm3.scnv[,'passedMUT'])
### Expand variant intervals by p
gbm3.scnvp<-SCANVISlinkvar(gbm3.scn,gbm3.vcf,gen19,p=100)
### Observe variant chr6:46820148;Z>AA which was not previously matched to any SJ
table(gbm3.scnvp[,'passedMUT'])

merges multiple SCANVISsamples

Description

With this function, the RRS scores and number of supporting reads across a number of samples are collected into matrices by collecting the union of all SJs. Furthermore, a representative sample is assembled by computing the mean (or median) of RRSs and supporting reads across all samples - this may be used to visualize a cohort in one figure (see SCANVISvisual).

Usage

SCANVISmerge(scn, method = "mean", roi = NULL, gen = NULL)

Arguments

scn

list of SCANVISmatrices OR character vector of urls pointing to SCANVISmatrix outputs

method

method for computing a RRS/uniq.reads representative, either "mean" or "median" (default="mean")

roi

NULL for all SJs OR chromosome name for a query chromosome (eg. chr1) OR 3 bit vector (chr, start, end) indicating region of interest OR a vector with one or more gene names (default=NULL in which case all SJs are merged)

gen

gencode object as generated by SCANVISannotation which must be supplied if roi is a list of one or more gene names, otherwise NULL (default=NULL)

Value

Returns a list object ready for use in SCANVISvisual with the following details:

RRS

a matrix with RRS scores for each sample (columns) and the union of SJs across all samples (rows)

NR

a matrix with number of SJ reads each sample (columns) and the union of SJs across all samples (rows)

MUTS

a binary matrix with 1 indicating presence of a mutation (row) in a sample (column), generated only if samples submitted were variant-mapped SJs

SJ

a representative sample with mean/median RRS and uniq.reads that can be used in SCANVISvisual to visualize sample cohort

roi

genomic coordinates for region of interest used to derive resulting data

Note

For 50 or more samples, roi cannot be NULL as resulting matrices may be too large. For cohort agglomeration, please consider agglomerating chromosome by chromosome.

See Also

SCANVISscan, SCANVISlinkvar, SCANVISvisual

Examples

data(SCANVISexamples)
### merge all SJs across in sample list GBM
GBM.merged<-SCANVISmerge(GBM)
### only merge SJs intersecting with gene PTGDS
GBM.merged<-SCANVISmerge(GBM,'mean','PTGDS',gen19)

upload SJ.tab STAR file in SCANVISuse

Description

This function is a little wrapper for reading in splice junction details from the SJ.tab file output by the STAR alignment tool.

Usage

SCANVISread_STAR(sj_file)

Arguments

sj_file

url to SJ file output by STAR aligner

Value

SJ data in matrix format as required for SCANVISfunctions

Examples

#set up toy example with chr,start,end,strand
tmp=cbind(rep('chr1',10),seq(100,1000,100),seq(100,1000,100)+99,rep(2,10))
#add in intron motif, annot, num read, num multimap reads, max overhang
#see STAR manual for details
tmp=cbind(tmp,rep(2,10),rep(0,10),c(rep(500,5),rep(8,5)),rep(0,10),rep(50,10))
write.table(tmp,'tmp',sep='\t',quote=FALSE,row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE)
sj=SCANVISread_STAR('tmp')
#sj is now suitable as input for SCANVISscan

SCore and ANnotate splice junctions

Description

This function annotates and scores splice junctions (SJs) supplied in bed format (coordinates plus read support) and gene annotations (see SCANVISannotation). Each SJ will get annotated by gene name and junction type, with unannotated SJs (USJs) falling into one of the following groups: exon.skip, alt3p, alt5p, IsoSwitch, Unknown and NE (Novel Exons) - see below. USJs are also checked and marked for in or out of frame shifts. Each SJ is scored by a Relative Read Support (RRS) score defined as the ratio of the junction read supportto the median read support of annotated SJs within a RRS genomic region, that being defined as the minimum interval that contains at least one gene overlapping the SJ and at least one annotated SJ overlapping the gene/s wtihin the interval. Novel Exons (NEs) are defined by USJ pairs that coincide in annotated intronic regions and are scored by the mean RRS of the supporting USJs and by a Relative Read Coverage (RRC) score when the bam file is supplied.

Usage

SCANVISscan(sj, gen, Rcut = 5, bam = NULL, samtools = NULL)

Arguments

sj

SJ matrix with colnames chr,start,end,uniq.reads

gen

gencode object as generated by SCANVISannotation

Rcut

min read cutoff; only SJs with >=Rcut reads are retained (Default=5)

bam

url to bam file for NE RRC computation (default=NULL)

samtools

url to samtools function, MUST be specified if bam is supplied (default=NULL)

Value

An extension of the input SJ matrix for relevant SJs, with additional rows for NE junction pairs, as well as the following additional columns:

JuncType

describes junction type as annot for annotated SJs and one of the following for unannotated SJs: exon.skip, alt3p, alt5p, IsoSwitch, Unknown and NE (Novel Exons) where exon.skip refers to SJs that skip an exon present in all isoforms, alt3p refers to an alternative 3 prime acceptor site, alt5p refers to an alternative 5 prime donor sites, IsoSwitch refers to SJs aligning to mutually exclusive isoforms such that a novel unannotated isoform is incurred, Unknown SJs have coordinates that do not align to any exons and NE (Novel Exons) refers to SJ pairs with the start of one SJ and the end coordinate of the other SJ coinciding in an intronic region

gene_name

genes that intersect with the SJ (multiple genes are comma separated

RRS

Relative Read Support score defined as x/(x+y) where x is the query junction read support and y is the median read support of annotated SJs in the RRS genomic_interval

genomic_interval

interval used for the RRS computation

FrameStatus

frame shifts induced by unannotated SJs, where INframe indicates no frame-shift in any gene isoforms, OUTframe indicates frame-shifting in ALL gene isoforms and all other entries indicating frame shifts for specified isoforms. FrameStatus is marked NA for annotated SJs)

RRC

Relative Read Coverage score generated for NEs only, and computed only if the bam file is supplied

See Also

SCANVISannotation, SCANVISlinkvar, SCANVISvisual

Examples

data(SCANVISexamples)
head(gbm3) #required SJ format
gbm3.scn<-SCANVISscan(sj=gbm3,gen=gen19,Rcut=5)
head(gbm3.scn)
### to compute RRC scores for NEs, run as follows:
#gbm3.scn<-SCANVISscan(gbm3,gen19,5,bam=<BAM>,samtools=<SAMTOOLS>)

a sashimi-style visualization tool

Description

This function quickly generates color-coded sashimi plots for SCANVIS outputs showing SJs for a query gene or a specific genomic region. Annotated SJs are depicted with grey arcs, while different colors segregate unannotated SJs. Arc height and thickness correspond to the junction read support and RRS score respectively. If the supplied junction file is output from SCANVISlinkvar output, variants are also plotted. If the bam file is supplied, a normalized read coverage profile is shown as an inverted read profile for a single sample. A bam file can only be supplied with one sample, and when supplied users must operate this SCANVISvisual function from a writeable directory. Users may submit multiple samples in which case the SCANVISmerge function kicks in to merge the samples, so that the resulting sashimi plot shows the union of SJs over the submitted sample cohort, with RRS scores and read support averaged over the samples. This is useful for comparing disease cohorts.

Usage

SCANVISvisual(roi, gen, scn, SJ.special = NULL, TITLE = NULL, bam =
                 NULL, samtools = NULL, full.annot = FALSE, USJ = "NR")

Arguments

roi

gene name OR region of interest (chr,start,end as 3-bit vector)

gen

gen annotation object as generated by the function SCANVISannotation.R

scn

matrix OR list of url/s to output from SCANVISscan/linkvar (which will be submitted to SCANVISmerge) OR output from SCANVISmerge for a set of samples already merged

SJ.special

3 col matrix indicating chr,start,end of any SJs of interest to be highlighted in cyan (default=NULL)

TITLE

figure name/title (default=NULL)

bam

url to one bam file corresponding to the input scn (not applicable for multiple/merged samples, default=NULL); the bam url is used to create a read profile in your plot, and during the processing of the bam file, temporary read pileup files are written to your current working directory where you must have write permission

samtools

url to samtools which MUST be specified if bam is supplied (default=NULL)

full.annot

TRUE for each isoform listed separately, FALSE for concise format (default=FALSE)

USJ

"NR" or "RRS" where NR induces the function to print the Number of supporting Reads above unannotated junction arcs, while RRS induces the function to print the RRS score as computed by SCANVISscan (default="NR")

Value

Returns a sashimi-style plot depicting the relevant SJs, as well as an object with the coordinates of the genomic region, the SJs and any variants in the figure

See Also

SCANVISscan, SCANVISlinkvar

Examples

data(SCANVISexamples)
### exon skip events in PPA2 in two LUSC samples
par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(1,1,1,1))
vis.lusc1<-SCANVISvisual('PPA2',gen19,LUSC[[1]],TITLE=names(LUSC)[1],full.annot=TRUE)
vis.lusc2<-SCANVISvisual('PPA2',gen19,LUSC[[2]],TITLE=names(LUSC)[2],full.annot=TRUE,USJ='RRS')
### if bam file were available for LUSC1 ...
#vis.lusc1<-SCANVISvisual('PPA2',gen19,LUSC[[1]],TITLE=names(LUSC)[1],full.annot=TRUE,bam=<BAM4LUSC1>,samtools=<SAMTOOLS>)

### sashimi plots with variants
gbm3.scn<-SCANVISscan(sj=gbm3,gen=gen19,Rcut=5)
gbm3.scnv<-SCANVISlinkvar(gbm3.scn,gbm3.vcf,gen19)
vis.gbm3<-SCANVISvisual('PTGDS',gen19,gbm3.scnv,TITLE='gbm3')
roi<-vis.gbm3$roi
d<-diff(as.numeric(roi[2:3])) 
roi2<-c(roi[1],round(as.numeric(roi[2])+(d*0.1)),round(as.numeric(roi[3])-(d*0.5)))
### Supply exact coordinates instead of gene names ... Zooming in for gbm3
vis.gbm3.zoom<-SCANVISvisual(roi2,gen19,gbm3.scnv)

### plot multiple genes ... PTGDS and neighbors
vis.gbm3.multiple_genes<-SCANVISvisual(c('FBXW5','PTGDS','C9orf142'),gen19,gbm3.scnv,TITLE='gbm3')

par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(1,1,1,1))
### see PTGDS in merge of 3 GBMs 
GBM.PTGDS<-SCANVISvisual('PTGDS',gen19,GBM,TITLE='GBM, merged',full.annot=TRUE)
#### see PTGDS in merge of 3 LUADs ... no exon skips
LUAD.PTGDS<-SCANVISvisual('PTGDS',gen19,LUAD,TITLE='LUAD, merged',full.annot=TRUE)

### NEs in GPR116 in LUAD, but not in GBM
par(mfrow=c(2,1),mar=c(1,1,1,1))
GBM.GPR116<-SCANVISvisual('GPR116',gen19,GBM,TITLE='GBM, merged',full.annot=TRUE)
LUAD.GPR116<-SCANVISvisual('GPR116',gen19,LUAD,TITLE='LUAD, merged',full.annot=TRUE)